*"The critical questions aren't about individual empowerment - they're about systemic control: Who defines the standards for this uniform data? Who builds the platforms? Who sets the protocols for access and compliance? Once those systems are in place, individual control becomes individual submission with predetermined frameworks."*
I think we already know the answer to this. At least in general terms.
I watched Kennedy say he supports the "wearables" for overweight and essentially those struggling with health issues to monitor themselves and take note of the effects. First these wearable contain EMFs and are overall toxic to the cells and biofield. This is entry to transhumanism. When I watched him in committee, it was clear by his body language and those speaking down to him like an admonished parent, that he " is to support the wearable agenda."
Agree.... Those with co-morbidities should definitely be exposed to more EM radiation. ;)
And.... if he were half the man he's marketed himself to be, there wouldn't be any "talking down" to him.
He's a sell-out, like everyone else in the beltway, and will be just as culpable for the transhuman, sureveillance-state, open-air prison in the end. Full stop.
The thing that I find interesting is that the "wearable" is just the next iteration of the visible compliance indicator that was the face diaper a few short years ago. And... just like every other COVIDWarming lunatic enforcement.... I won't be participating.
absolutely, money will be the incentive just like during the scamdemic. or...the central bank digital currency will force them and everyone (once the dollar is crashed) to put a monitor on themselves or not have access to digital funds to buy things.
As a long time yoga student and a hyper sensitive person I have yet to be able to feel my blood glucose levels. After wearing a continuous glucose monitor for two weeks I gained an understanding of how certain foods affected me. I then threw away the monitor because having electrical signals sent to my body every 20 minutes disrupted my sleep.
Having the tools to gain knowledge that is otherwise unknowable is helpful. Having the knowledge to know that those same tools are harmful was the result of years of yoga practice and it’s cultivation of self awareness.
If we could have the tools without being connected to ‘the grid’ it would be an a way to cut ourselves off from the dependence on doctors and drugs. Doctors and drugs are the third leading cause of death.
Thank you, Mary F, for your comment which is a clear explanation of the potential benefits of wearables for some people. The CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitor) is already a firmly-established healthcare device. For many diabetics, pre-diabetics, and others, it is the method of choice for studying, and ongoing tracking of, their blood glucose levels.
While some of us, who must track our blood glucose levels, choose not to use the CGM, I believe that we are at the point where establishing rights to privacy, and requiring that privacy-enabled dedicated devices are available, must be part of the strategy for wellness and privacy.
no...unless you are type 1....you don't need a CGM...eat under 20 carbs a day (preferably zero) and you won't have to depend on injecting insulin to handle the glucose load from your food/drink.
Dr. Richard K. Bernstein says that the limit is 32 g carbs per day, and he is the ultimate authority, IMHO. Whether by CGM or a fingerstick device, some of us must monitor our blood glucose levels closely.
Whatever device is used, it should be required to allow privacy. If those wearing CGMs wish to enable sharing in the hope of avoiding extreme hypoglycemia, they should have that choice.
Wearables are tools which can be used to pursue wellness. Their design should allow privacy. The right to privacy in our lives should not require debate.
with all due respect, I know who Dr. Bernstein is and what is true about each one of us and each person's make up, food history, damage done is different. No one can make a blanket statement of what each person's (diabetic or not) carb tolerance is. It is a fact that if one eats ZERO carbs that the need for insulin is so low since protein only raises insulin by a small fraction over zero. Carbohydrates are not essential in the human diet.
There is no way a corporation will respect the privacy rights of their customer. It won't happen. Hypoglycemia is extremely unlikely to occur when one cuts out carbs because there is no wild spike/drop of insulin.
People can pursue wellness without need of some EMF/RF anti-privacy tech device in or on their body. No one is mentioning the danger to our neurological system as a result of EMF/RF emitting devices. You can't be well with damaging electronics in/on your body. No one ever talks about cancer causing radiation...too bad. It is real.
In 2001, my former employer Russ who owned an electrician business in FL was a constant Motorola cell phone user. He was left handed and always held his cell phone up to his ear and was on his phone ALL DAY (and probably at home). He was diagnosed with a tumor behind his left ear. I just found out he died at age 63 from CANCER! Technology kills but no one can see it. :(
Thanks for this info. I consciously slowed my breath, felt my fingers on keys, butt in chair and feet on floor as I read this as I knew I had to monitor my nervous system. I could feel anger arise. Don't need no wearable. What a disappointment MAHA has been. "One Nation Under Blackmail"
I find the bit about outsourcing self awareness to algorithm rings a bell.
I know very, very few people with any real awareness of their internals. both physical and mental.
my experience is that people have been outsourcing self awareness to medics and shrinks throughout my lifetime (~50 years.) no surprise they'd shift that to an electronic version without really thinking about it.
I'm super pleased that my son inherited my weirdly extensive awareness of innards, body and mind. I'm curious if that tendency has to do with not using the medical-industrial-insurance system. I rarely dealt with them as a child, and increasingly less as I aged, until I reached a point where I trust medics about as far as I can throw their townhouses.
my 18 year old son has only seen medics from a third person perspective when accompanying someone else and acting as emotional support. he was born at home and has never had a single industrialized interaction with a medical "professional."
I feel sorry for others regarding health on a lot of levels, as I'm also inherently healthy and most people I know are far less so. but the trust they have in medics, and their dependency on that system, makes me even more sorry for them than their weak health and nearly nonexistent internal self awareness.
Outsourcing one's mental health is an under-acknowledged issue. In fact, it's another of the establishment narratives that if you are having any sort of psychological or emotional problem, seek professional help. Yeah, right, as if you can count on getting a professional who helps more than hurts. You might, you might not.
Yeah, so much of what people think needs treatment is simply the human condition. Figure it out, work your way through it. That's how you grow, not by leaning on a practitioner who's likely to dull your psyche with meds, so you have no chance of really getting anywhere.
Thankfully there are little pockets in the alternative healing world that really value somatic reconnection in a variety of ways. I was fortunate to find those communities several decades ago. May this awareness spread.
At a healing sound bath last night, a new acquaintance casually described how her "Oura" ring helpfully provided all sorts of data on internal metrics. I was totally confused. I kept thinking she was saying "aura" -- understandable, given our participation in a sound bath -- but no.
She wears this thing while she sleeps. From the Oura website: "Check your daily Readiness and Sleep Scores in the Oura App to clearly understand if you’re ready to get after it or if you should get back in bed." Really? We don't know IF WE SHOULD GO BACK TO SLEEP OR NOT??
Josh, your essay lays out everything I believe about outsourcing our instincts. Restacking now.
Ugh. I really like my Oura ring, especially as I’m trying to heal my crap sleep around peri-menopause, but I’ll throw it in the lake before I acquiesce to being government tracked with it.
Restacking this right away as one of the most important, and scariest posts I have read in awhile.
But I also wanted to let you know that for some unknown reason, this is the first and only time I have tried to watch a video embedded in a Substack post, only to get silence, and then a halt of the video and a spinning wheel indicating some computing process has stopped. I am using a new MacBook Pro M4 with plenty of RAM, and am having no problems with other Substack posts or YouTube podcasts, but I can not rule out the problem is on my end.
The problem is, as with microsoft's co-pilot, they will be constantly gathering info from everything you do. Apple is no exception. They will tell you it is for your safety or some such nonsense.
Great timing and choice of laptops Emi. I upgraded from a 2015 model, and it's like night and day. I just hope the rise of AI and fall of free speech doesn't render this investment null and void.
And Joshua ... his post was so spot-on, I would not be the least surprised he is on the radar of more than one sociopath. Psychopaths and their flying monkeys, filling the skies.
I'm upgrading from a 2012 horse and buggy model so it feels like driving a Porsche. LOL. I think that, similar to the fate of Microsoft/PCs, Apple will render its devices obsolete in 3 to 6 years time and forcing a hardware upgrade. Personally not happy with the direction Apple is going. I just finished installing Linux mint on the old computer and resurrected it just to test drive it. Looking into it because I heard it's known for better security, privacy and the large open source community support.
Whoa! You are further down the technological rabbit hole than I am. But I agree with you about many tactics in Apple's business model. YouTube Rob Braxman and Naomi Brockwell are two that I try to follow on security ... but I know that to Apple, Google, Amazon, and Facebook ... I am an open book. 'Business ethics' appears to be an oxymoron.
Thank you for writing this. The two most disappointing developments with RFK Jr's appointment are the utter lack of acknowledgement of traditional forms of health care (Chinese medicine, Ayurveda) and all the new and developing treatments in the "alternative" world; and now this promotion of technology that can so easily be abused in the ways you outline here.
While I do see that he has made real progress on such issues as transparency and vaccine safety, It seems as if someone gets to Washington and simply can no longer see outside of the box of the system.
Thanks for this, although I can only hope that "approval" means these therapies will be paid for by the system, rather than regulated and over-managed.
Oh, my goodness, Josh. I wrote nearly the same sentiment in a comment elsewhere yesterday: "The wearables agenda represents something far more insidious than surveillance: the industrialization of human self-awareness. "
I said that relying on technology to tell us how we feel is divorcing ourselves from interacting with our bodies and developing an understand/knowledge of how our bodies feel. Moreover, such technology divorces intuition from us in assessing our health. Many people over the years have spoken of intuitive feelings that they may be getting sick or need a revitalization in their health. Intuition can give warning long before an instrument measures any change in the body.
I'm really disappointed in RFK, Jr. I just hate this creeping encroachment of AI. I hate YT suddenly showing me videos of cats and dogs when I look at one. One video. The AI has no idea what's in my mind nor what I want. I don't want or need a "constant companion." How silly this world has become. Everyone is so afraid of loneliness or dying that they can't live.
I wore a heart rate monitor , until I realised , it didn't make me feel any better ....just more neurotic ....now I just like to feel the sun on my skin and listen to the birds ....I feel so much healthier ....!
The real MAHA needs to be Make America Human Again (instead of transhuman) - we need Greentooth (plant intelligence) not Bluetooth; real clouds not iClouds, eye contact not biometrics.
We will opt out of this 3rd eye blinded political spiritual spectacle.
HAHA MAHA MAGA we see through everything now and we will figure it out! 👀 👼🏼 🙏
The ultimate goal is depopulation. Evil people like Epstein and Gates planned to reduce the world population to 500,000, just enough slaves to serve their every whim. RFK is just another pawn in this horrible game that seeks to imprison us all in the digital concentration camp.
Beware of the phrases “better health”, “for the children”, “national security” and “cost savings” used in media… thread lightly; manipulating propaganda is likely to follow.
Thank you for your interesting article. In my humble opinion we are getting further and further away from Gods natural world. I would rather rely on my own instincts and awareness.
Ruthie - you can click on the three dots on the right to edit your comment. (I don’t know why Substack doesn’t add the word ‘edit’ next to ‘like’ and ‘reply’. Because of this, so many folks don’t know about the ability to fix their typos.) 🙂
"You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows ..." Bob Dylan
“Don’t follow leaders, watch the parking meters.”
And follow ze money!
But just in case you do - Jesus is the weatherman.
“The pumps don’t work ‘cause the vandals took the handles”
*"The critical questions aren't about individual empowerment - they're about systemic control: Who defines the standards for this uniform data? Who builds the platforms? Who sets the protocols for access and compliance? Once those systems are in place, individual control becomes individual submission with predetermined frameworks."*
I think we already know the answer to this. At least in general terms.
I watched Kennedy say he supports the "wearables" for overweight and essentially those struggling with health issues to monitor themselves and take note of the effects. First these wearable contain EMFs and are overall toxic to the cells and biofield. This is entry to transhumanism. When I watched him in committee, it was clear by his body language and those speaking down to him like an admonished parent, that he " is to support the wearable agenda."
Agree.... Those with co-morbidities should definitely be exposed to more EM radiation. ;)
And.... if he were half the man he's marketed himself to be, there wouldn't be any "talking down" to him.
He's a sell-out, like everyone else in the beltway, and will be just as culpable for the transhuman, sureveillance-state, open-air prison in the end. Full stop.
The thing that I find interesting is that the "wearable" is just the next iteration of the visible compliance indicator that was the face diaper a few short years ago. And... just like every other COVIDWarming lunatic enforcement.... I won't be participating.
May the odds be ever in your favor.
tell me how many children in the USA have financially stable homes to live in? Who isn't "overweight and struggling with health issues" in the USA? Have you been outside of your house lately? This study is from 2018....so we can safely say the numbers are even MORE likely to be around 8 percent not 12.....https://www.unc.edu/posts/2018/11/28/only-12-percent-of-american-adults-are-metabolically-healthy-carolina-study-finds/
And you think people of this nature will wear a monitor?
absolutely, money will be the incentive just like during the scamdemic. or...the central bank digital currency will force them and everyone (once the dollar is crashed) to put a monitor on themselves or not have access to digital funds to buy things.
As a long time yoga student and a hyper sensitive person I have yet to be able to feel my blood glucose levels. After wearing a continuous glucose monitor for two weeks I gained an understanding of how certain foods affected me. I then threw away the monitor because having electrical signals sent to my body every 20 minutes disrupted my sleep.
Having the tools to gain knowledge that is otherwise unknowable is helpful. Having the knowledge to know that those same tools are harmful was the result of years of yoga practice and it’s cultivation of self awareness.
If we could have the tools without being connected to ‘the grid’ it would be an a way to cut ourselves off from the dependence on doctors and drugs. Doctors and drugs are the third leading cause of death.
I tried to find something to monitor HRV for kicks, but all use apps and connect to the mother ship of doom.
Thank you, Mary F, for your comment which is a clear explanation of the potential benefits of wearables for some people. The CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitor) is already a firmly-established healthcare device. For many diabetics, pre-diabetics, and others, it is the method of choice for studying, and ongoing tracking of, their blood glucose levels.
While some of us, who must track our blood glucose levels, choose not to use the CGM, I believe that we are at the point where establishing rights to privacy, and requiring that privacy-enabled dedicated devices are available, must be part of the strategy for wellness and privacy.
no...unless you are type 1....you don't need a CGM...eat under 20 carbs a day (preferably zero) and you won't have to depend on injecting insulin to handle the glucose load from your food/drink.
Dr. Richard K. Bernstein says that the limit is 32 g carbs per day, and he is the ultimate authority, IMHO. Whether by CGM or a fingerstick device, some of us must monitor our blood glucose levels closely.
Whatever device is used, it should be required to allow privacy. If those wearing CGMs wish to enable sharing in the hope of avoiding extreme hypoglycemia, they should have that choice.
Wearables are tools which can be used to pursue wellness. Their design should allow privacy. The right to privacy in our lives should not require debate.
with all due respect, I know who Dr. Bernstein is and what is true about each one of us and each person's make up, food history, damage done is different. No one can make a blanket statement of what each person's (diabetic or not) carb tolerance is. It is a fact that if one eats ZERO carbs that the need for insulin is so low since protein only raises insulin by a small fraction over zero. Carbohydrates are not essential in the human diet.
There is no way a corporation will respect the privacy rights of their customer. It won't happen. Hypoglycemia is extremely unlikely to occur when one cuts out carbs because there is no wild spike/drop of insulin.
People can pursue wellness without need of some EMF/RF anti-privacy tech device in or on their body. No one is mentioning the danger to our neurological system as a result of EMF/RF emitting devices. You can't be well with damaging electronics in/on your body. No one ever talks about cancer causing radiation...too bad. It is real.
In 2001, my former employer Russ who owned an electrician business in FL was a constant Motorola cell phone user. He was left handed and always held his cell phone up to his ear and was on his phone ALL DAY (and probably at home). He was diagnosed with a tumor behind his left ear. I just found out he died at age 63 from CANCER! Technology kills but no one can see it. :(
Thanks for this info. I consciously slowed my breath, felt my fingers on keys, butt in chair and feet on floor as I read this as I knew I had to monitor my nervous system. I could feel anger arise. Don't need no wearable. What a disappointment MAHA has been. "One Nation Under Blackmail"
I find the bit about outsourcing self awareness to algorithm rings a bell.
I know very, very few people with any real awareness of their internals. both physical and mental.
my experience is that people have been outsourcing self awareness to medics and shrinks throughout my lifetime (~50 years.) no surprise they'd shift that to an electronic version without really thinking about it.
I'm super pleased that my son inherited my weirdly extensive awareness of innards, body and mind. I'm curious if that tendency has to do with not using the medical-industrial-insurance system. I rarely dealt with them as a child, and increasingly less as I aged, until I reached a point where I trust medics about as far as I can throw their townhouses.
my 18 year old son has only seen medics from a third person perspective when accompanying someone else and acting as emotional support. he was born at home and has never had a single industrialized interaction with a medical "professional."
I feel sorry for others regarding health on a lot of levels, as I'm also inherently healthy and most people I know are far less so. but the trust they have in medics, and their dependency on that system, makes me even more sorry for them than their weak health and nearly nonexistent internal self awareness.
Outsourcing one's mental health is an under-acknowledged issue. In fact, it's another of the establishment narratives that if you are having any sort of psychological or emotional problem, seek professional help. Yeah, right, as if you can count on getting a professional who helps more than hurts. You might, you might not.
I have been screaming this for some time. Mental illness is such a scam
Yeah, so much of what people think needs treatment is simply the human condition. Figure it out, work your way through it. That's how you grow, not by leaning on a practitioner who's likely to dull your psyche with meds, so you have no chance of really getting anywhere.
Thankfully there are little pockets in the alternative healing world that really value somatic reconnection in a variety of ways. I was fortunate to find those communities several decades ago. May this awareness spread.
At a healing sound bath last night, a new acquaintance casually described how her "Oura" ring helpfully provided all sorts of data on internal metrics. I was totally confused. I kept thinking she was saying "aura" -- understandable, given our participation in a sound bath -- but no.
She wears this thing while she sleeps. From the Oura website: "Check your daily Readiness and Sleep Scores in the Oura App to clearly understand if you’re ready to get after it or if you should get back in bed." Really? We don't know IF WE SHOULD GO BACK TO SLEEP OR NOT??
Josh, your essay lays out everything I believe about outsourcing our instincts. Restacking now.
Ugh. I really like my Oura ring, especially as I’m trying to heal my crap sleep around peri-menopause, but I’ll throw it in the lake before I acquiesce to being government tracked with it.
Good for you, Blanch Ann!
Yes, Oura is a great example of how tech teaches people to value data over the awareness of the direct experience of their bodies.
Hello Joshua.
Restacking this right away as one of the most important, and scariest posts I have read in awhile.
But I also wanted to let you know that for some unknown reason, this is the first and only time I have tried to watch a video embedded in a Substack post, only to get silence, and then a halt of the video and a spinning wheel indicating some computing process has stopped. I am using a new MacBook Pro M4 with plenty of RAM, and am having no problems with other Substack posts or YouTube podcasts, but I can not rule out the problem is on my end.
Just in case (a glitch by design?), here is a direct link to the first YouTube of Kennedy testifying regarding wearables ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_fqH8rGtlE
Cheers from Japan, and thank you for this extremely worrying heads up.
I'm on a new M4 MacBook Pro as well and there were periods of in and out silence during the video of Kennedy. Hmm. Glitch?
The problem is, as with microsoft's co-pilot, they will be constantly gathering info from everything you do. Apple is no exception. They will tell you it is for your safety or some such nonsense.
True that. Was wondering if switching to a flavor of Linux would mitigate those data gathering/privacy/security concerns...
Great timing and choice of laptops Emi. I upgraded from a 2015 model, and it's like night and day. I just hope the rise of AI and fall of free speech doesn't render this investment null and void.
And Joshua ... his post was so spot-on, I would not be the least surprised he is on the radar of more than one sociopath. Psychopaths and their flying monkeys, filling the skies.
Cheers, and be safe Emi.
I'm upgrading from a 2012 horse and buggy model so it feels like driving a Porsche. LOL. I think that, similar to the fate of Microsoft/PCs, Apple will render its devices obsolete in 3 to 6 years time and forcing a hardware upgrade. Personally not happy with the direction Apple is going. I just finished installing Linux mint on the old computer and resurrected it just to test drive it. Looking into it because I heard it's known for better security, privacy and the large open source community support.
Whoa! You are further down the technological rabbit hole than I am. But I agree with you about many tactics in Apple's business model. YouTube Rob Braxman and Naomi Brockwell are two that I try to follow on security ... but I know that to Apple, Google, Amazon, and Facebook ... I am an open book. 'Business ethics' appears to be an oxymoron.
Substack is glitchy as heck.
Thanks for the heads up Craig.
My darker moments has me imagining this post as being targeted.
I know what you mean!
same thing happened to me.
Hmm ... thanks for the heads up.
"Once is happenstance. Twice is coincidence. Three times is enemy action.”
— Ian Fleming, in the James Bond novel "Goldfinger" (1959).
Waiting for that 3rd anecdotal case.
Cheers yantra.
altho i have noticed that, at times, SS is"glitchy as heck" as craig posted.
LOL.
Back to square one, my default setting for collective human nature.
I've flipped Hanlon's Razor into what I modestly dub 'Martin's Razor —
'Never attribute incompetence to that which can adequately be explained by corruption.'
Cheers!
Thank you for writing this. The two most disappointing developments with RFK Jr's appointment are the utter lack of acknowledgement of traditional forms of health care (Chinese medicine, Ayurveda) and all the new and developing treatments in the "alternative" world; and now this promotion of technology that can so easily be abused in the ways you outline here.
While I do see that he has made real progress on such issues as transparency and vaccine safety, It seems as if someone gets to Washington and simply can no longer see outside of the box of the system.
If you listen to the podcast Mr Kennedy did with Gary Brekka, he says that they are going to approve a lot of ‘alternative’ therapies.
One step at a time. Mr Kennedy has been thinking about this for a long time and has a plan.
Thanks for this, although I can only hope that "approval" means these therapies will be paid for by the system, rather than regulated and over-managed.
paid for by the system? what system would that be? taxpayers? no thanks.
https://dailycaller.com/2025/01/24/robert-f-kennedy-jr-rfk-crispr-stock-gene-editing-mrna/
https://solarireport.substack.com/p/trump-administration-digital-control
BS! Kennedy is a tool for his class.
https://dailycaller.com/2025/01/24/robert-f-kennedy-jr-rfk-crispr-stock-gene-editing-mrna/
Oh, my goodness, Josh. I wrote nearly the same sentiment in a comment elsewhere yesterday: "The wearables agenda represents something far more insidious than surveillance: the industrialization of human self-awareness. "
I said that relying on technology to tell us how we feel is divorcing ourselves from interacting with our bodies and developing an understand/knowledge of how our bodies feel. Moreover, such technology divorces intuition from us in assessing our health. Many people over the years have spoken of intuitive feelings that they may be getting sick or need a revitalization in their health. Intuition can give warning long before an instrument measures any change in the body.
I'm really disappointed in RFK, Jr. I just hate this creeping encroachment of AI. I hate YT suddenly showing me videos of cats and dogs when I look at one. One video. The AI has no idea what's in my mind nor what I want. I don't want or need a "constant companion." How silly this world has become. Everyone is so afraid of loneliness or dying that they can't live.
I HATE AI. I’m appalled by how many people think just great and are walking blithely toward it all agog with wonder.
Well said, Honeybee. 🐝
I wore a heart rate monitor , until I realised , it didn't make me feel any better ....just more neurotic ....now I just like to feel the sun on my skin and listen to the birds ....I feel so much healthier ....!
Excellent piece as always 🧩 !
The real MAHA needs to be Make America Human Again (instead of transhuman) - we need Greentooth (plant intelligence) not Bluetooth; real clouds not iClouds, eye contact not biometrics.
We will opt out of this 3rd eye blinded political spiritual spectacle.
HAHA MAHA MAGA we see through everything now and we will figure it out! 👀 👼🏼 🙏
The ultimate goal is depopulation. Evil people like Epstein and Gates planned to reduce the world population to 500,000, just enough slaves to serve their every whim. RFK is just another pawn in this horrible game that seeks to imprison us all in the digital concentration camp.
Beware of the phrases “better health”, “for the children”, “national security” and “cost savings” used in media… thread lightly; manipulating propaganda is likely to follow.
And, most of all, don’t forget any mention of ‘safe’ or ‘safety’. Beware, indeed!
Thank you for your interesting article. In my humble opinion we are getting further and further away from Gods natural world. I would rather rely on my own instincts and awareness.
A very good article. Concise. Thank you.
Oh my God, with every sci-fi movie I would see in the past I knew that it would come to be. Sometime.
This is extremely scary. I so value my freedom what little freedom we still have.
As far as I’m concerned, this has nothing to do with help. It’s everything to do with control and manipulation.
Health not help
Ruthie - you can click on the three dots on the right to edit your comment. (I don’t know why Substack doesn’t add the word ‘edit’ next to ‘like’ and ‘reply’. Because of this, so many folks don’t know about the ability to fix their typos.) 🙂